Unique method for restoration of retinal functions in case of different diseases

This publication is dedicated to the application of a complex of peptide bioregulators being highly effective in treatment of different retinal diseases (diabetic retinopathy, pigment retinitis, age-related macular degeneration etc.). It contains data on clinical observations, supported by the results of retinal electrophysiological tests and computer perimetry results.

This publication will be of interest to ophthalmologists and practitioners of medicine in different fields.

Relevance of the problem
Maintenance and restoration of functions of the eye, being one of the main sense organs, is among vital issues of modern medicine. 80% of information about environment people get by visual perception. Most of the professional and everyday activities have to do with visual functions, their slackening or loss has the utmost negative effect on the quality of life.

In the structure of the eye retina (nervous tunic of the eyeball) is one of the thinnest layers, being the most complex and highly differentiated tissue. Its complex structure makes it sensitive to light, allowing to perceive color and images and to convert them into a signal being sent straight to the brain. Position of the retina behind other optic structures, direct ingress of sun rays, peculiarities of the blood supply make it vulnerable to both external (sun rays, light striking, radiation) and internal factors. Retina is as a rule damaged in case of the following diseases: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency etc. Smoking and alcohol consumption also negatively affect retina. It should be noted that any damage of the retina can lead to the impaired vision or even to complete blindness.

Among the most frequent retinal diseases there are age-related macular degeneration, hereditary retinal degenerations (including retinitis pigmentosa), complicated myopia, diabetic retinopathy. Modern methods of treatment based on the application of the known pharmaceutical substances do not lead to significant results. Usually a prognosis for a disease in these patients is unfavorable (gradual and progressive decrease in the visual functions up to blindness).

The authors developed a unique method for isolation from animal organs and tissues of peptides, having direct tissue specific effect. These preparations are complexes of peptides weighing up to 10 KDa. Modern technologies applied in the process of isolation of these peptides preclude any presence of viruses or prions.

In case of introduction into the organism, peptides become induktors of synthesis of the specific proteins, capable of restoring tissues, damaged by a disease or with ageing.

Experimental and clinical studies revealed its high efficiency in the treatment and restoration of retinal functions if compared to the known methods. In case of its administration, there were registered a several-fold increase in the rate of the retinal defect closure and restoration of the nervous receptor apparatus, as well as a decreased depression of its functional state (according to the results of the ERG test). Studies have been conducted both on animals with modeled innate retinal degeneration, and on those with induced lesions (including laser ones). In the clinical 2 practice this preparation turned out to be highly effective in the treatment of the aftereffects of retinal veins thrombosis, glaucoma, haemorrhagic retinopathies, retinal sun and laser burns and many other diseases.

At the same time there were also conducted clinical trials of other peptides, isolated from the pineal gland, thymus, cortex, vessels and other organs. Positive results of the clinical studies allowed to introduce these preparations into the Russian Pharmacopoeia.

A complex of peptides isolated from the pineal gland called Endoluten, turned out to be highly effective in case of complex treatment of diabetic retinopathy. This preparation also revealed pronounced antioxidant effect and especially pronounced geroprotective effect, contributing to the improvement of the cortex functions and reducing stress level.

A complex of peptides isolated from the cortex called Cerluten also turned to be highly effective in case of complex treatment of all retinal diseases. Cortexin exerts tissue specific effect on the cortex, contributes to the restoration of cerebral cortex neurons, improves processes of nervous management and adaptation of the organism to variable environmental conditions, activates cerebral cortex, exerts antioxidant and antitoxic effects. The preparation improves processes of memorizing, stimulates DNA reparation in the cortex and accelerates brain functions restoration after stress impact and ischemia. These effects are especially relevant for retina being a nervous tissue.

A complex of peptides isolated from the calves thymus called Thyreogen significantly enhances immune system activity and is effective in complex treatment of retinal diseases. This preparation stimulates tissue regeneration and hemapoiesis, suppresses tumour growth, reduces treatment period of chronic diseases.

A complex of peptides isolated from the vessels called Ventfort, significantly enhances rigidity of the vascular wall, and considerably contributed to the effective treatment of retinal diseases. Its application caused reduction in the vascular wall permeability, reduction in the haemorrhages size and acceleration of their resolution, reduction of neovascularisation.

The efficiency of the complex application of these peptide preparations in case of different retinal pathology was considerably higher if compared to the separate application.

A set of peptides for the treatment course is designed taking 3 into consideration specificity of the eye ball structure, and depending on the allocation and type of the damage as well as on the general state of the patient it includes peptides of the retina, thymus, pineal gland, cortex, vessels and other. It turned out that peptide bioregulators are most effective in case of age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, complicated myopia, diabetic retinopathy.

In recent years the Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology has synthesized and studied a new group of peptide bioregulators being analogues of the complex peptide preparations. The activity of these preparations is higher than that of the earlier designed. These synthetic peptides are utterly promising for the application in practical medicine. These are short peptides (2-4 amino acids) of the retina, pineal gland, cortex, thymus, vessels etc. Also, a preparation which inhibits angiogenesis, has been synthesized, being very important especially for the diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis and lesion of the organs and tissues associated with diabetes in general. These peptides (Normoftal, Pancragen, Vesugen, Crystagen, Pinealon etc.) are widely used in the medical practice as the means for prevention and treatment of different eye diseases.

 We manage not only to stop the development of the pathologic process but in many cases also to restore lost functions. Peptide bioregulators are effective in the treatment of both wet and dry macular degenerations. We’ve designed tableted form of the preparations (biologically active supplements) which effect is comparable to the effect of those for injections. Application of these tableted preparations allows to extend effect of the injection preparations or even to substitute them. The effect is preserved in case of long-term treatment. Regular application of peptide bioregulators allows to enhance the achieved results while other preparations being applied in conservative treatment of this pathology (including such wide-spread preparations as Lucentis and Avastin) require intraocular administration.

We can definitely assert that nowadays in the world of medicine, there are no methods of treatment for retinal diseases whose efficiency is comparable to that of the treatment with peptide bioregulators.

Application of peptide bioregulators in case of diabetic retinopathy
According to different sources the world number of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus accounts for 230-245 million people [fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”yes” overflow=”visible”][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ background_position=”left top” background_color=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” spacing=”yes” background_image=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” padding=”” margin_top=”0px” margin_bottom=”0px” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_direction=”left” hide_on_mobile=”no” center_content=”no” min_height=”none”][2,4,5,18]. In the developing countries up to 6% of the population suffer from this disease while in the countries of the Latin America these patients account for almost 15% of the population [13,14,18,20]. In Russia there are registered about 3 million people with diabetes mellitus including 260 thousand of those insulin dependent. Meanwhile according to the epidemiologic studies the number of people with diabetes accounts for 8 million people [1,4,9]. One of the most severe complications of the diabetes mellitus is a diabetic retinopathy, which is a progressive lesion of the retina, requiring laser and surgical intervention. Retinopathy develops in 97% of patients suffering from the diabetes mellitus type 1 for 20 and more years, and in 80-95% of the patients suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2 [5,6].

Peptide bioregulators enhance activity of the blood antioxidative system, including enzymes of the antioxidative defence, due to neutralization of highly toxic hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals, generated in the process of free radicals oxidation, this being very important in case of diabetes. They contribute to restoration of the damaged structures of the vascular wall and intercellular contacts restoration, affecting processes of the intracellular regulation. As a consequence they resolve haemorrhages and plasmorrhages, lessen edemata, regenerate and enhance cellular living potential.

In several cases in patients, who suffer from a very severe form of this disease associated with a severe proliferative process, after several courses of peptide bioregultors it became possible to conduct surgical treatment, which before had been denied to these patients due to its hopelessness.

Further on we give an example of one of our clinical observations.

Clinical observation No 1.
Patient M.E.E., born in 1972.

Diagnosis: diabetes mellitus type 2, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, pseudophakia, right eye subatrophy, condition after the vitrectomy in the left eye.

The patient had been being observed at the Medical Centre Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology from 1999 till 2005. She underwent 11 courses (10 days each) with a complex of bioregulators. Visual acuity upon admission – 0.4-0.5, on discharge – 0.85. During the period of observation there were registered a significant widening of the field of vision in the sole seeing eye and considerably improved ERG indices. 4

Results of the visual functions tests before and after the treatment course
Field of vision test (computer based perimetry, ‘Pericom’)

Peptides application in case of retinitis pigmentosa (RP)

Retinitis pigmentosa is one of the most severe and frequent hereditary retinal diseases [15,26]. Its prevalence in the world on the average accounts for one patient per 5000 people [10,11]. S.F. Shershevskaya [11] reported 0.01% cases of retinitis pigmentosa in unselected population. The rate of carriage is 2% [8].

At the Medical centre of the Institute we’d treated patients from different countries who failed to get any help in any other medical institutions and came to us after several years of desperate attempts to improve or stabilize their vision functions.

We should emphasize that right after the first treatment course they reported increased visual acuity, significant widening of the fields of vision, improved scotopic (twilight) vision. With every reason we may say that there are no examples of such positive results observed after the treatment of this pathology in the world. In case a patient regularly undergoes courses of peptide bioregulators we reveal no negative dynamics of this severe pathology at all.

Peptides application in case of age-related macular degeneration
In the developed countries of the world as well as in the USA age-related macular degeneration is a leading cause of the blindness in patients aged 50+ [12,14,16,17,19,21,25,30].

According to the official data of the Centre of the World Health Organization on Prevention of the Recoverable Blindness its frequency accounts for 300 cases per 100 thousand of population, and in the world in general there are 25-30 million people suffering from this disease [3]. R. Klein et al. [22,23], B. Klein [24] show that first symptoms of this disease are registered in 40% of people aged 40+, and in more then 60% of people aged 60+ according to R.A. Williams et al. [29].

The World Health Organization reports that by 2025 this disease will be registered in 25% of the total world population. Age-related macular degeneration morbidity rate in the last decades reveals epidemic trends. 7

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